Are your communication skills lacking?

Communication is something we all know is necessary to keep any relationship strong and loving, and although we are aware of the importance of this, many people in the heat of the moment still seem to be clueless about what exactly good communication really is. Being open to better communication and avoiding the “who is going to win” scenario  keeps a relationship healthy and once a couple start becoming more familiar with their communicating styles, they are better  able to work  as a team in making the best of the relationship.

The first step in achieving better communication that will really work, is to take a look at yourself first.

People always tend to turn to their partner when things are not running so smoothly in their relationship. They automatically start pointing out what their partner is doing or not doing, as well as how their partner is not listening to them. This may all be true depending on particular situations, but it is important that you take the responsibility in reviewing  actions and communication from you first, before  anything can be pointed out in your partner. Remember, it is very easy to see other people’s mistakes, but when it comes to looking at personal communication, it is much harder to accept criticism, even from yourself because no one wants to be wrong. This is where there is a need to get real about things. Communication is not about who is right or wrong, but instead about helping each other see things from each other’s perspective, so that both can be on the same page and avoid any misunderstanding that will cause unneeded arguments.

Get winning out of your mind.

So many couples claim to have tried communication, but it does not seem to work. If this is the case, the best thing would be to slow down, calm down and take a few steps back. Perhaps communication is not working for the relationship, but what is the method of communication being used?  Communication itself cannot be the problem or the ineffective ingredient, because communication is the main key to a healthy relationship, so it must be the way the method is being used.  When couples talk to each other, do one or both of talk to win the conversation, or to actually reach a level of understanding of each other’s needs and wants? Believe it or not, it is very common for people to focus on being right and trying to convince their partner to see things their way, instead of just sharing what they think and feel so their partner can understand what they mean and what they need. Communicating using your own autobiography is destined to fail.

Listening is so important…

 if  a couple truly wish to accomplish good communication that will improve a relationship.  Is active listening happening or are one or both sides planning the next move?  Listening may sound like an easy enough thing to do, but many confuse it with hearing. Hearing what your partner is saying versus listening to them are indeed very different. Listening involves true dedication and full attention to the words your partner is serving up to you, as well as the tone of voice and expressions that go along with those words. Listening means that  interest is there to learn more about what the speaker is making an effort to say  and making the emotional connection needed in order to achieve relationship goals together. Keep in mind that when in a relationship, all communication between partners has to be open, honest, non-judgmental and patient, if  success is to be had in maintaining a happy and healthy relationship.

Communication is not so complicated…

….once understanding is found concerning the correct way to  communicate, and of course, what methods of communication work for the relationship best. Effective communication cannot happen on its own or with the efforts of only one person. Both partners have to be open and willing to work as a team on improving communication, so that both can enhance  relationship skills and build a relationship where both have an understanding of who each are as individuals and what both need and want.

Dr. Nicholas Jenner is a Counseling psychologist in private practice working with individuals,couples,  groups and companies

Will thinking positively help depression?

There are not many people who have not had their lives touched by depression at some point and everybody knows somebody who has had it or is suffering from it. One famous psychologist once described it as ‘ the cancer of mental health’ and never a truer word was spoken. Take a look at these general statistics :

-Recent studies suggest roughly seven of every one hundred people suffer from depression after age 18 at some point in their lives.

 -As many as one in 33 children and one in eight adolescents have clinical depression. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for ages 10 to 24.

 -Most people diagnosed with major depression receive a diagnosis between their late twenties to mid-thirties.

 -About six million people are affected by late life depression, but only 10% ever receive treatment.

 -For every one man that develops depression, two women will, regardless of racial or ethnic background or economic status.

-More than half of all people caring for an older relative show clinically significant depressive symptoms.

-By the year 2020, depression will be the 2nd most common health problem in the world.

The figures above do not include those who are unaware of the fact that they are suffering from depression and those who choose not to, or cannot, seek treatment for whatever reason. Given this fact, the statistics are sure to be much, much higher. The general treatment administered by GP’s for depression can range from referral to a therapist, lifestyle changes, anti-depressant medication or a combination of these. While each have their merits, many therapists believe that depression and anxiety are more a result of distorted thought patterns than chemical imbalances or genetics (though both are known to play a role). Change the way you think, change the way you feel is the main argument. Something that I tend to fully agree with.

Pessimistic thinking does not cause depression, but it appears to be easier to become depressed if you tend to view the world with considerable pessimism. After all, pessimism is a tendency to think that things won’t work out as you wish, that you won’t get what you want. Pessimism feeds the negative cognitive distortions and self-talk. On the other hand, optimism appears to create some protection from depression.

Hopelessness is a central feature of depression, along with helplessness. If you view your world as bad, filled with problems, and don’t think you can do anything about the problems, you will feel helpless. If you don’t believe your life will improve, if you think the future is bleak, then you will begin to feel hopeless. Pessimism encourages these negative assessments of your life. Optimism prevents you from reaching those conclusions. In fact, psychologists have researched ways to work with patients on how to learn to be more optimistic, as a way of fighting depression.

So, how can a depressed person have their negative thoughts turned into positive ones and get motivated to take charge and solve their problems? Negative and unhelpful thoughts must firstly be acknowledged and logged. Those thoughts can then be evaluated and graded in terms of how useful, true or constructive they are. Questions such as “Is it possible that this way of thinking is not 100% true or realistic? Are you discounting the positive and only focusing on the negative?” . Where negativity is challenged, it will provide reflection on the validity of what the person is saying to themselves. If it’s not true or realistic; “Why not? And then why would you think that way?”.

Crucially, it is also important to come up with a positive and realistic thought, such as; “Well, it’s not completely useless, there is a possibility something good could come out of it” which would be a good start to recognize there are solutions and rewards if one takes a logical and objective approach to a situation. Motivation can be enhanced by asking a depressed person what they would be doing tomorrow or next week if they were not feeling depressed. This can make the mind shift forward and make them think of pleasant things, which can then be incorporated and worked with as a goal. Small steps and stages are also good for keeping motivation going, by breaking down tasks and doing it little by little. Reward and praise for any progress no matter how small will also make sure steady progress is made.

However, life isn’t always as simple as this and many people become confused as to whether thoughts cause emotions or emotions cause thoughts. Additionally, anyone who has suffered from deep depression will tell you that no amount of positive thinking makes the depression go away. Positive thinking seems to help in certain situations – when depression is mild, when we are feeling a bit down, when we were previously unaware that negative thinking could make us feel bad etc. Many suffering from severe depression find the idea that positive thinking could cure them insulting. They know that their condition is much more complex than that. This doesn’t mean that there is no place for positive thinking, but there are times when we need to allow our emotions to play out. This is particularly the case where our depression or low mood is caused by an external event. In this case, it is sometimes helpful to feel the deepest side of despair and emotion to be able to emerge on the other side with a chance of recovery.

Dr. Nicholas Jenner is a Counseling psychologist in private practice working with individuals,couples,  groups and companies

Are we Happiest in Mid-Life?

The stereotype that many middle-aged people get depressed and perk up their lives with sports cars and affairs may be an outdated myth, scientists say. In fact, these days many people often feel more fulfilled in their middle and later years, data shows.

The term “mid-life crisis” was coined 40 years ago by psychologist Elliot Jacques, who reasoned that people’s quality of life generally declines after age 35 (at the time, the average lifespan was about 70 years). Jacques suggested that some extreme reactions to looming mortality were to be expected at around this time of life.

But psychologist Carlo Strenger of Israel’s Tel Aviv University says that’s no longer true, and that studies show mid-life can be one of the happiest periods of people’s lives. “At this point we have surveys of around 1,500 [middle-aged] people,” Strenger told LiveScience. “Most of them actually say that they are better off and happier and more balanced than they were when they were 20 years younger. It’s quite surprising.” Though the research has so far been confined to Western cultures, Strenger thinks the same trends, as well as similar stereotypes, may apply to other cultures. Strenger says that common notions of what mid-life is supposed to be like are stuck in the past, when life expectancy was lower, people’s health, especially in later years, was much worse, and there was less emphasis on education and self-awareness. “People are so used to thinking of mid-life as basically a period of loss that it often does become a self-fulfilling prophecy,” he said. ‘But some people, you really see that they begin to blossom, they begin to be more fruitful. They do things on a larger scale.”

 Nowadays, when people are in their 40s and 50s, they have matured, learned to take some of life’s hiccups in stride, learned more about themselves and the world around them, and so are uniquely poised to take advantage of the next phase of their lives. “When you are 50, statistically you have as many adult years ahead of you as you have behind you,” Strenger said. “It really takes time to internalize what that really means. It would mean that this whole lifetime that you have behind you, you have ahead of you, and the question is what you want to do with it.” In fact, this may be the time for many people to finally tackle projects or dreams that they’ve been putting off. They might have a better chance of succeeding because their choices will be based on knowledge and experience, rather than youthful blind ambition.

“Give yourself the chance to truly reassess your choices and to see how you can now use your self-knowledge and live a much more meaningful life than you’ve lived before. Mid-life can be the moment where you can truly realize your dreams because you know yourself much better.” Strenger detailed his ideas in a recent issue of the journal Psychoanalytic Psychology.

Dr. Nicholas Jenner is a Counseling psychologist in private practice working with individuals,couples,  groups and companies

The Power of Meditation

Research has shown that the healing power of meditation can contribute to an individual’s psychological and physiological well-being. This is accomplished as the healing power of meditation brings the brain wave pattern into an alpha state, which is a level of consciousness that promotes the healing state.
Meditation is a state of concentrated attention on some object of thought or awareness. The healing power of meditation has been practiced for centuries bringing about a state of altered consciousness, encourage inner reflection and of healing. Meditation can be considered an act of self-reflection, wherein you can calm your mind down and turn your focus inwards into yourself. In a spiritual context, meditation can be the way to let your mind assert its supremacy over the rest of the body. While the West has recently been exposed to the amazing healing power of meditation, the East has been reaping its benefits for tens of thousands of years.
While meditation has been around for centuries, its actual powers of healing and calming are being experienced only now, as the world is spiraling further into the vortex of stress, tension, anger, and other such elements that contribute to the negative energy around us. It is recognized as a therapeutic and curative way to find peace within and have access to a healing power. Meditation requires contemplation, consideration, introspection, and deliberation on the part of the individual.
Researchers have come to the conclusion that the regular practice of meditation has a prolonged beneficial and curing influence. It can be very effective in healing, both physically and mentally, and can enable the mind to be stabilized and to have deep concentration. Healing power meditation can be classified into three categories – psychological, physiological, and spiritual.
While being deeply related to spirituality, meditation has been the subject of many scientific studies. Scientists have, at various times, scrutinized the entire process in order to ascertain whether the whole concept of meditation and its sometimes unbelievable benefits were a hoax, or a profound truth. Studies have shown that meditation can influence very deeply the different aspects of an individual’s personality – psychological, physiological, and emotional. There is now scientific evidence that supports the claims of healing power. Meditation experts have always made such claims and the scientific community has only recently begun to support them. In fact, studies indicate that meditation can help remove physical conditions such as high blood pressure, pain, as well as building up the immune system.
Some Uses of Meditation
Meditation has been effectively used with both biofeedback as well as neuro-feedback. Neuro-feedback helps normalize brain rhythms and patterns. Scientists have been studying the impact of meditation on brain wave patterns. The results have been startling. Meditation brings the brain wave pattern into a level of consciousness that promotes the healing state. These discoveries have been the reason why more and more physicians are nowadays experimenting with meditation for relief across a range of health issues, from enhancing immune functioning in AIDS to cancer. The effect of meditation has been generally accepted to be of the highest positive order, and this is one reason why more and more people are utilizing the healing power of meditation and other such holistic healing techniques for relief against physical as well as mental ailments.
Another positive effect of meditation is the balance that it brings to our daily life. People who meditate frequently tend to look inside themselves rather than looking to external influences to blame or make themselves feel better. this makes relationships easier and more balanced.This can have a positive effect on how we see the work and live.

Determining who you are!

The way we behave, interact with others and perceive the world  is generally based on our personality. Personality is a multi-faceted concept and is caused and influenced by many factors, attitude, upbringing, environment and influences all play a part.

It is, however, very easy to blame our behaviour and the things that happen to us on this. ” My parents were like this” or ” people from my culture always act this way”. What many of us fail to realise is that we have it in our power to remove the shackles of our conditioning and become a person living on a different level. We attach ourselves to these generalisations because it helps us to deal with everyday life and to occasionally blame others for our misfortune is easier than taking responsibility. Additionally, by putting the emphasis on others, we give ourselves the upper hand by saying “I am right”, that means someone must be wrong.  However, we are all solely responsible for the our thinking patterns, behaviour and responses. By changing the way we think about something, we can make an active decision to go our own way. Separating the thought from the situation allows us to say ” I choose not to behave that way or think that way”. By doing this we are making an active decision to determine who we are.

Sometimes, though we react instinctively to stressful and negative situations without giving ourselves a chance to plan a response. It is maybe easier to look at this process in a model of ABC as used as the basis for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. It looks something likes this .

A.    Can be seen as the trigger or stimulus for the reaction. When it comes, our minds are flooded with impulses from the past, from real and imagined events and our own interpretation of the event as seen through our “window of reference”.

C.     This is our behavior, feelings and thoughts that seemingly arise from the stimulus at A. Many people believe that A causes C because everything happens so quickly but there is a determining factor that comes between. This can be seen as …….

B.    This is our belief system that determines what really happens at C. It can be an area of healthy or unhealthy thoughts . Healthy thoughts are associated with want, like, prefer and desire. Unhealthy beliefs are inflexible, rigid and are based on must, have to, got to or should. This inflexibility means that if the world is not how it should be in our eyes, all is wrong and is not attached to reality. Healthy beliefs are open, willing to see other points of view and carry the option of not needing to gain the upper hand. Unhealthy beliefs are the ones that can drive us to anxiety, guilt and depression.

Material Dependence

To complicate the matter described above, we often measure our sense of self-worth by attaching ourselves to something, not just the past but influences from the present too. In the modern western world, this is often material possessions, image or situational factors. Our value of ourselves and others is then based on possessing the newest and latest version of everything and being seen in the right places with the right people.We never really find out who we are until we are prepared to go through a process of  letting go of such values, freeing ourselves of reliance on such things.. In the Native American culture, possession of land in particular was an alien concept. They believed that we belong to the land and the Earth can never be owned by “somebody”. Imagine their horror when the ownership concept was forced on them by the white Europeans.

The word “growth” is associated mainly with profit and wealth. In a world where ones sense of status is driven by the gathering of assets, this is hugely important for the majority. Spiritual growth can only be achieved when we place less importance on materialism and avoid looking at others in the same way. Seeing and embracing the good things in others and not letting the bad affect us is essential. The finding of true character and personality is a hard and rocky road and it means travelling on the road less travelled. Being able to love yourself for you and not for what you have or want to have gives us the ability to love others in the same way. We can determine who we are when we look deep inside ourselves!!

Dr. Nicholas Jenner is a Counseling psychologist in private practice working with individuals,couples,  groups and companies

Can we really be Happy?

Daily life can be made happier. It is a matter of choice. It is our attitude that makes us feel happy or unhappy. It is true, we meet all kinds of situations during the day, and some of them may not be conductive to happiness. We can choose to keep thinking about the unhappy events, and we can choose to refuse to think about them, and instead, relish the happy moments. All of us constantly go through various situations and circumstances, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings.If we let outer events influence our moods, we become their slaves. We lose our freedom. We let our happiness be determined by outer forces. On the other hand, we can free ourselves from outer influences. We can choose to be happy, and we can do a lot to add happiness to our lives.

What is happiness? It is a feeling of inner peace and satisfaction. It is usually experienced when there are no worries, fears or obsessing thoughts, and this usually happens, when we do something we love to do or when we get, win, gain or achieve something that we value. It seems to be the outcome of positive events, but it actually comes from the inside, triggered by outer events.For most people happiness seems fleeting, because they let changing outer circumstances affect it. One of the best ways to keep it, is by gaining inner peace through daily meditation. As the mind becomes more peaceful, it becomes easier to choose the happiness habit.

Here are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life:

1) Endeavor to change the way you look at things. Always look at the bright side. The mind may drag you to think about negativity and difficulties. Don’t let it. Look at the good and positive side of every situation.

2) Think of solutions, not problems.

3) Listen to relaxing, uplifting music.

4) Watch funny comedies that make you laugh.

5) Each day, devote some time to reading a few pages of an inspiring book or article.

6) Watch your thoughts. Whenever you catch yourself thinking negative thoughts, start thinking of pleasant things.

7) Always look at what you have done and not at what you haven’t.

Sometimes you may begin the day with the desire to accomplish several objectives. At the end of the day you might feel frustrated and unhappy, because you haven’t been able to do all of those things.Look at what you have done, not at what you have not been able to do. You may have accomplished a lot during the day, and yet you let yourself become frustrated, because of some small things that you did not accomplish. You have spent all day successfully carrying out many plans, and instead of feeling happy and satisfied, you look at what was not accomplished and feel unhappy. It is unfair toward yourself.

8) Each day do something good for yourself. It can be something small, such buying a book, eating something you love, watching you favorite program on TV, going to a movie, or just having a stroll on the beach.

9) Each day do at least one act to make others happy. This can be a kind word, helping your colleagues, stopping your car at the crossroad to let people cross, giving your seat in a bus to someone else, or giving a small present to someone you love. The possibilities are infinite. When you make someone happy, you become happy, and then people try to make you happy.

10)  Do not envy people who are happy. On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.

11) Associate with happy people, and try to learn from them to be happy. Remember, happiness is contagious.

Despite the value of the above advice, no-one can be happy all the time and sometimes it is ok to be sad about or unhappy with events in our lives. That said, the balance should be more towards happy than unhappy.

The untold story of Depression in the Workplace

Sometimes, I am asked by corporate clients to help new managers with the challenges of their new job. Usually, just the basic management tasks can be overwhelming without the added problem of dealing with people and especially ‘difficult’ people. There are many definitions of the word ‘difficult’ from the employee who constantly resists change to others who, for example,cannot integrate themselves in a team or cannot change the pace of their work to suit changing conditions.

There is no guarantee in any team that employees who are seen as ‘not difficult’ will not become ‘difficult’ at times and vice versa. Managers often put these difficult phases down to lack of ability, personality or the inability to change. However, many overlook a growing problem that threatens to engulf the workplace and if left unsolved will become the biggest single reason why absenteeism and poor performance will increase. Many employees suffering from ‘personal problems’ ,which is usually a sign for a manager that it is nothing to do with them, are in fact afflicted with the so-called ‘cancer of mental health’, depression. Statistics say that by 2020, depression will become the second most common ‘illness’ in the western world. Reasons cited for this are poor diet, more stress and a breakdown of traditional lifestyles.

I often ask managers if they can really recognise the signs that one of their employees could be depressed and mostly they answer that as long as the work gets done, these problems should be dealt with ‘outside’. Additionally, many managers will not refer the problem to upper management for fear of being seen as having a lack of management ability. In some countries, strong workers representative bodies prohibit too much ‘poking around’ in private issues and those employees who do seek help are shunned by a work culture that prizes people who work long hours. All this adds up to a scenario that depression,more often than not, goes unrecognised and people ‘ suffer in silence’ and ‘muddle along’ as best they can.

I tell the managers that I work with that it is not only their job to recognise the basic symptoms of depression ,that are incidentally generally easily detected, but it is their responsibility as an employer and a human as well. In our stressed out modern world, where bottom line and profit are everything, this does not always go down well but what kind of world do we live in when these are the only important factors and the human side of the workplace is pushed aside? Given that it is highly unlikely that the course the business world is on is going to change for the better, it is even more important that employers and managers take care of their biggest asset, the people who work for them.

Decoding that Dream…

Nightmares can be terrifying. But if we pay attention, they can give us an insight into what’s really bothering us. Does this sound familiar? You wake bathed in sweat with your heart pounding. The dream you were having was vivid and terrifying. You were being chased down a dark alley by a knife-wielding assailant. Or maybe you witnessed the death of a loved one. You might even have been the perpetrator. We all have nightmares occasionally and wonder at their meaning. But do they have any real significance? Or are they just a confused jumble of images?

A nightmare is a vivid and unpleasant dream that usually wakes the dreamer. It is accompanied by disturbing emotions like guilt, sadness, or more often, fear and anxiety. It’s normal for children to have nightmares and about 90 per cent of adults will experience a nightmare at some point in their lives. Only about 5 per cent of us are affected by chronic or recurrent nightmares. And, according to a study by Dr Jennifer Parker from the University of the West of England, women have more nightmares than men. Parker, a dream researcher for 15 years, says this is partly because men and women deal with problems differently. Women tend to take their worries with them when they go to sleep, she says. “Men are better at switching off.” Women are also more likely to dream about emotionally traumatic events, such as the death of a partner or child. Research suggests this could be the brain’s way of rehearsing how it would respond to distressing or disturbing situations.

In her study, Parker found women’s nightmares generally fall into three categories: being chased or threatened; losing a loved one; or confused, bizarre dreams. Dreaming is very important for processing emotional memory. “We process the stuff we haven’t had time to deal with while we’re awake. We tend to have nightmares about the places and people we’re concerned about.”

Parker’s research was inspired by her own recurrent nightmares, which started when she was a child. She would dream she was standing on the shore line as a massive tidal wave rolled out and came towards her. “It was really because I was feeling overwhelmed at the time. The image fitted with the emotion, whereas in our culture we tend to get very fixed on the image,” she says. A one-off nightmare is normal, but recurrent or persistent nightmares could indicate something is wrong. “Nightmares are an alarm call. Our psyche is trying to tell us we need to attend to something.” Not surprisingly, people experience more nightmares during times of upheaval and stress. They are very common during the early stages of grief or at the end of a relationship, for example. “If we’re stressed our sleep changes and our dream life changes.”

LOOK TO THE PAST

Dream analyst and author Jane Teresa Anderson says nightmares can usually be traced back to the events of the past 48 hours. She says when we dream our mind is comparing our recent experiences with events from the past, updating our beliefs about the world and our place in it.

People who go through a lot of change in life tend to have more bizarre or dramatic dreams than people who stay in their comfort zones. “There’s more to process,” Anderson says. And recurrent nightmares can be a sign your world view is no longer working for you. “A nightmare is a wake-up call to readjust the way you look at life. Dreams go very deep. What you’re getting is a window into how your own unique mind processes your life.” Anderson advises keeping a diary to help work out what the dream might mean. Try and remember when the dreams first started and what might have happened in the preceding days. It could be anything from a relationship breakdown to missing out on a promotion at work.

One of Anderson’s clients, Chloe*, was troubled by a recurrent “slow motion” nightmare. In this dream, she was walking down a road when suddenly her legs started to feel heavy and the ground sticky. Her progress slowed. Everyone else was moving except her and she felt a sense of dread. Anderson says the slow-motion dream is common and represents an area of life where the dreamer feels weighed down. It could mean you don’t feel you’ve achieved the goals you wanted at work. In this case, Chloe realised her career goal was something she no longer wanted.

Anderson says it’s possible to change your life by changing your dream. When you’re awake, envisage yourself back in the dream situation. Imagine your legs are really light and you’re jogging instead of walking. Change direction to reflect the position you want to be in. “This has produced miraculous results for people,” she says. “It reverses their unconscious beliefs.”

No one really knows why we have nightmares. But Dr Sarah Blunden, of the University of South Australia’s Centre for Sleep Research, agrees stress is the likeliest cause. Anxiety or a family history of nightmares can make you more prone to waking in fright. Some medications can cause nightmares, as can illness or fever. Recurrent nightmares are also a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder, where the sufferer repeatedly plays out the distressing event in their dreams. Most nightmares occur during rapid eye movement or REM sleep, which is why we tend to remember them when we wake up. This type of sleep is very light, similar to being in a state of calm wakefulness. The more frightening the dream, the more likely we are to remember it.

Nightmares are a normal part of childhood as children try to make sense of the world around them. Blunden says many children dream about being chased by a monster, usually a dark looming character or person. They wake up terrified. It helps to get the child to understand the monster is only frightening because they believe it to be so. “Nightmares are actually a learned behaviour and you can unlearn it,” she says. “It can be a defence mechanism, a way of working things out.”

DECODE YOUR DREAMS

Blunden says it’s not always important to interpret nightmares correctly to eliminate their effect on your life. In her own recurring nightmare she is playing the lead role in a ballet, although it’s been many years since she danced. It’s the same each time. “I’m in the spotlight and I don’t know what I’m supposed to be doing,” she says. The dream usually crops up when she’s anxious about an upcoming task or event. “If I have a big lecture and I have the dream the night before, that means I’m anxious. I can pre-empt that by doing more preparation or cutting down on my coffee intake.”

Dr Gerard Kennedy, clinical psychologist at Monash Medical Centre’s Paediatric Sleep Disorders Unit, rarely has nightmares, but he remembers a recent one vividly. “I was away for the weekend, staying in a cabin in the country. I had a dream that I was a kid back in my grandparents’ house. A hand came out of the wall and it was trying to grab me. I ran away and tried to get to where my brothers and sisters were in the next room. But the hand kept pulling me back and I was screaming.”

Most of us will only experience dreams like this occasionally, but if nightmares are persistent it’s worth seeking help. To treat recurring nightmares, both Blunden and Kennedy use a technique known as imagery rehearsal therapy. It involves the dreamer rewriting the nightmare to make it less threatening. It’s effective in 90 per cent of people.

The sufferer will visualise the dream like a movie, then write it down. When it gets to a certain point they edit the dream. “They work out some way of escaping or empowering themselves,” Kennedy says. This technique is especially powerful when used with young children, who are more susceptible to suggestion. Usually, the nightmare goes away and sometimes it changes into the dream suggested by the visualisation. “Mentally practising a new dream eliminates the old nightmare,” says Blunden.

Kennedy says it’s important to treat the nightmare as a disorder in its own right, rather than as a symptom of an illness. At a recent carer’s forum, he was approached by Jennifer*, who was worried about her daughter’s recurrent nightmares. Her daughter, who has cerebral palsy, had been assaulted by 
her carer 15 years earlier and suffered turbulent nightmares ever since. In the dreams her attacker was coming back to get her. Because she lived in a remote area, she was unable to seek the help 
of a therapist. Kennedy advised her to go out and buy a symbolic item and hide it under her pillow – in this case it was a pink water pistol. Jennifer later told him her daughter had no more nightmares. “It’s your own mind and you can change it,” he says. “It really didn’t take much, just telling the person that the nightmares are yours.”

Dr. Nicholas Jenner is a Counseling psychologist in private practice working with individuals,couples,  groups and companies

* Names changed

Does Nature hold the key to Health?

How many of us actually take the time to appreciate nature and all it has to offer?? We in the modern developed world are often blinded to things that other so-called less developed cultures take for granted. In medicine, this is certainly the case. I am not trying to say that modern medicine does not cure people and has not stamped out serious diseases but there must surely be a place for natural medicines as well. Native Americans, for example,  believe that all illnesses and problems are caused by an imbalance between us and the Earth, animal life and plants. They have, for centuries, used plants for medicine and for spiritual practices. One such use of plants is the taking of flower essences for healing purposes.

There are a number of things that are interesting about the use of flower essences as a healing medium. It is incredible to think that many of the plants have been used as medicine for thousands of years. How easily we in the modern world dismiss them as “hocus-pocus” and reach for an aspirin. Can it be that in our hectic lifestyles, we have missed a point that our ancestors took for granted? It is clear that there are many people who believe in them completely and while the cynics will say that is “half of the battle”, it is also clear that flower essences when used and dispensed properly can have many benefits.

A flower essence can be described as the “life-force “or “imprint” of the flower itself. They are herbal infusions or decoctions, made from the flowering part of the plant, which uniquely address emotional and mental aspects of health which are then transferred on to the taker. Unlike other plant remedies, there is no scent or oil produced. Flower essences are dilute extracts of various types of flowers and plants, produced by laying them in water and placing them in direct sun or moonlight to extract the essence and the “vibrational energy” within the plant. This is then placed in brandy or glycerin as a preservative. This means that nothing physical is transferred into the solution. Even given this fact, many essences can be toxic when used in certain situations so diagnosis and dispensing is best done by an experienced practitioner.  The combining of the essences can also be a healing experience, usually done in times of quiet reflection or after meditation. The preparation and taking of the essences can therefore become an all-round wellness experience. They are usually taken directly from the dropper bottle, four times daily or can be combined in spring water when more than one is needed.

To understand how flower essences work requires a recognition that the human being is more than a physical body, but also incorporates a “body” of life energy, a “body” of sensitivity and feelings, and a spiritual essence or Self, made up in energy fields or Chakras.  Flower essences are energetic imprints of the life force of plants which interact with these subtle bodies of the human being, and evoke specific qualities within us. The flowers used in the remedies are chosen specifically for their “character and qualities” and by taking the essences, we resonate with the qualities of the flower. Each flower works on specific Chakras or can have an effect on all. It would be wrong, however, to say the essences “force” something to happen as medicinal drugs do. They do, however, help us become conscious of things that are already happening within ourselves. As a result, sometimes we may have an awareness with which we are uncomfortable due to the fact that they effect a shift in consciousness which is different in each person. Important is that we have an awareness of our inner selves in order to recognize the change. Used in conjunction with therapy, I am convinced, they are highly effective.

Bio:

Dr. Nicholas Jenner is a Counseling psychologist in private practice working with individuals,couples,  groups and companies

Striving for that 90% !

Samuel McChord Crothers once wrote ” try as hard as we may for perfection, the net result of our labors is an amazing variety of imperfectness. We are surprised at our own versatility in being able to fail in so many different ways.” Do you feel like what you accomplish is never quite good enough? Do you often put things off, waiting for ideal conditions? Do you feel you must give more than 100 percent on everything you do or else ? If so, rather than simply working toward success, you may in fact be trying to be perfect.

Perfectionism refers to a set of self-defeating thoughts and behaviors aimed at reaching excessively high unrealistic goals. Perfectionism is often mistakenly seen in our society as desirable or even necessary for success. However, recent studies have shown that perfectionist attitudes actually interfere with success. The desire to be perfect can both rob you of a sense of personal satisfaction and cause you to fail to achieve as much as people who have more realistic strivings.

Causes of Perfectionism

If you are a perfectionist, it is likely that you learned early in life that other people valued you because of how much you accomplished or achieved. As a result you may have learned to value yourself only on the basis of other people’s approval. Thus your self-esteem may have come to be based primarily on external standards. This can leave you vulnerable and excessively sensitive to the opinions and criticism of others. In attempting to protect yourself from such criticism, you may decide that being perfect is your only defense.A number of the following negative feelings, thoughts, and beliefs may be associated with perfectionism:

Fear of failure. Perfectionists often equate failure to achieve their goals with a lack of personal worth or value.

Fear of making mistakes. Perfectionists often equate mistakes with failure. In orienting their lives around avoiding mistakes, perfectionists miss opportunities to learn and grow.

Fear of disapproval. If they let others see their flaws, perfectionists often fear that they will no longer be accepted. Trying to be perfect is a way of trying to protect themselves from criticism, rejection, and disapproval.

All-or-none thinking. Perfectionists frequently believe that they are worthless if their accomplishments are not perfect. Perfectionists have difficulty seeing situations in perspective. For example, a straight “A” student who receives a “B” might believe, “I am a total failure.”

Overemphasis on “shoulds.” Perfectionists’ lives are often structured by an endless list of “shoulds” that serve as rigid rules for how their lives must be led. With such an overemphasis on shoulds, perfectionists rarely take into account their own wants and desires. Believing that others are easily successful. Perfectionists tend to perceive others as achieving success with a minimum of effort, few errors, emotional stress, and maximum self-confidence. At the same time, perfectionists view their own efforts as unending and forever inadequate.

The Vicious Cycle of Perfectionism

Perfectionist attitudes set in motion a vicious cycle. First, perfectionists set unreachable goals. Second, they fail to meet these goals because the goals were impossible to begin with. Failure to reach them was thus inevitable. Third, the constant pressure to achieve perfection and the inevitable chronic failure reduce productivity and effectiveness. Fourth, this cycle leads perfectionists to be self-critical and self-blaming which results in lower self-esteem. It may also lead to anxiety and depression. At this point perfectionists may give up completely on their goals and set different goals thinking, “This time if only I try harder I will succeed.” Such thinking sets the entire cycle in motion again. This vicious cycle can be illustrated by looking at a way in which perfectionists often deal with interpersonal relationships. Perfectionists tend to anticipate or fear disapproval and rejection from those around them. Given such fear, perfectionists may react defensively to criticism and in doing so frustrate and alienate others. Without realizing it, perfectionists may also apply their unrealistically high standards to others, becoming critical and demanding of them. Furthermore, perfectionists may avoid letting others see their mistakes, not realizing that self-disclosure allows others to perceive them as more human and thus more likeable. Because of this vicious cycle perfectionists often have difficulty being close to people and therefore have less than satisfactory interpersonal relationships.

Healthy Striving

Healthy goal setting and striving are quite different from the self-defeating process of perfectionism. Healthy strivers tend to set goals based on their own wants and desires rather than primarily in response to external expectations. Their goals are usually just one step beyond what they have already accomplished. In other words, their goals are realistic, internal, and potentially attainable. Healthy strivers take pleasure in the process of pursuing the task at hand rather than focusing only on the end result. When they experience disapproval or failure, their reactions are generally limited to specific situations rather than generalized to their entire self-worth. What to do About Perfectionism The first step in changing from perfectionistic attitudes to healthy striving is to realize that perfectionism is undesirable. Perfection is an illusion that is unattainable. The next step is to challenge the self-defeating thoughts and behaviors that fuel perfectionism. Some of the following strategies may help:

Set realistic and reachable goals based on your own wants and needs and what you have accomplished in the past. This will enable you to achieve and also will lead to a greater sense of self-esteem. Set subsequent goals in a sequential manner. As you reach a goal, set your next goal one level beyond your present level of accomplishment. Experiment with your standards for success. Choose any activity and instead of aiming for 100 percent, try for 90 percent, 80 percent, or even 60 percent success. This will help you to realize that the world does not end when you are not perfect. Focus on the process of doing an activity not just on the end result. Evaluate your success not only in terms of what you accomplished but also in terms of how much you enjoyed the task. Recognize that there can be value in the process of pursuing a goal. Use feelings of anxiety and depression as opportunities to ask yourself, “Have I set up impossible expectations for myself in this situation?” Confront the fears that may be behind your perfectionism by asking yourself, “What am I afraid of? What is the worst thing that could happen?” Recognise that many positive things can only be learned by making mistakes. When you make a mistake ask, “What can I learn from this experience?” More specifically, think of a recent mistake you have made and list all the things you can learn from it. Avoid all-or-none thinking in relation to your goals. Learn to discriminate the tasks you want to give high priority to from those tasks that are less important to you. On less important tasks, choose to put forth less effort. Once you have tried these suggestions, you are likely to realize that perfectionism is not a helpful or necessary influence in your life. There are alternative ways to think that are more beneficial. Not only are you likely to achieve more without your perfectionism, but you will feel better about yourself in the process.

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